What is CT(current transformer)?
A Current Transformer (CT) is a type of instrument transformer designed to measure alternating current (AC) in electrical systems. It consists of a primary winding, which carries the current to be measured, and a secondary winding which generates a proportionally reduced current, which is used for measurement or relay purposes.
CT (current transformer) working principle
CT (current transformer) wiring diagram
CT(current transformer) Formula
CT (current transformer) Types
There are various types of CTs designed for specific applications
- Bar-type CTs
- Wound CTs
- Window-type CTs
Bar-type CTs
These CTs are commonly used for primary currents ranging from a few hundred amperes to a few thousand amperes. They consist of a single primary turn and are primarily used in switchgear and industrial applications.
Wound CTs
These CTs have multiple primary turns, allowing them to handle higher primary currents. They are extensively used in power generation and transmission systems.
Window-type CTs
These CTs have a split-core design, which allows them to be easily installed around existing conductors without interrupting the circuit. They are commonly used in retrofit applications or in situations where it is not feasible to disconnect the circuit.
CT (current transformer) ratio table
CT (current transformer) Application
Metering
CTs are widely used for accurate measurement of current in power distribution systems. They enable the conversion of high primary currents into proportional low secondary currents, which can be safely and precisely measured by ammeters or energy meters.
Protection
CTs are an integral part of protection schemes in electrical systems. They provide current inputs to protective relays, which monitor the magnitude and direction of current flow. In abnormal current conditions such as short circuits or overloads, the relays activate protective devices like circuit breakers to isolate the faulty section and prevent damage.
Power Quality Analysis
CTs are used in power quality monitoring systems to analyze and record current waveforms. By capturing detailed data on current harmonics, power factors, and distortion, CTs help in identifying and resolving power quality issues, ensuring efficient and reliable operation of electrical systems.
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Accuracy Class of CT(Current Transformer)
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