What are Insulating Materials ? │Classification of Insulating Material │Types Of Insulating Material Tapes -Electronicsinfos

What are Insulating Materials?

Insulating Material is a Type of Material that offers a High Resistance value to the flow of Electrical Current. When any fault occurs in the Electrical cable or Motor The leading cause is Insulation Failing between them. The Temperature Directly Affect the Insulation of Any Machine and also reduce the Life of the insulating Medium. Different types of materials have other chemical and electrical properties which determine the span of usage. The Working Temperature for an insulating material is often less than that listed for its class because of the influence of vibrations, mechanical and electrical stress, the thickness of insulation, accessibility of insulated parts, methods of ventilation, and type of service. In this article, we discuss different  Materials and also Discuss their  Class of Insulation so let's get started.

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Classification of Insulating Material

Class of Insulation 

Class Y 

Temperature 

90° Degree

Class of Insulation 

Class A

Temperature 

105° Degree

Class of Insulation 

Class E

Temperature 

120° Degree

Class of Insulation 

Class B 

Temperature 

130° Degree

Class of Insulation 

Class F

Temperature 

150° Degree

Class of Insulation 

Class H

Temperature 

180° Degree

Class of Insulation 

Class C

Temperature 

Above 180° Degree

Types Of Insulating Material

• Cotton Tape 
• Silk Tape 
• Black Tape 
• Rubber Tape 
• PVC Tape
• Empire Cloth Tape
• Varnished Silk Tape
• Presspahn or Press Board
• Varnished Paper
• Varnished Cloth Tubing
• PVC Tubing
• Ebonite
• Laminates
• Bakelite    
• Mica
• Micanite Sheets
• Glass Cloth /Tape
• Silicon Rubber
• Shellac Varnish

Cotton Tape 

Fine plain white cotton tape is used in electrical machinery for wrapping armature and field coil. The thickness of this tape is 0.15mm.

Silk Tape 

Silk Tape is a higher Tensile strength, finer texture and superior insulating properties compared to silk tape.

Black Tape 

Black tape is a type of cotton tape impregnated with an adhesive bituminous compound on one or both sides. The dielectric strength of black tape is 1000 volts.The thickness of 0.4mm

Rubber Tape 

Rubber tape is used to insulate joints in rubber-insulated cables. It is made of un-vulcanized rubber with a cloth backing which is readily vulcanized with rubber insulation with slight pressure to form a solid sheath.

PVC Tape

Pressure-sensitive PVC tape is a flexible sheet insulator made from PVC to which an adhesive has been added.PVC tape is available in different colours with a neat appearance.PVC tape is used for repairing PVC-insulated cables.

Empire Cloth Tape

Fine white cotton tape coated with insulating varnish and dried is known as empire cloth tape. There are two colours available one is yellow and another one is black which depends on which type of varnish was used. The black tape has lower resistance and is suitable for dry apparatus only. It's extensively used in the high-tension machine because of its advantages of good tensile strength, excellent flexibility, long life etc. The tape is available in widths 10,13,19 and 25 mm. The average breakdown strength is 31.5kv /mm.

Varnished Silk Tape

Varnished tape is flexible and more robust than cotton tape and better suited for use as a flexible sheet insulator and high-grade insulator .varnished tape is manufactured with a thickness of 0.08,0.1 and 0.13mm and widths are 10,13,19 and 25mm.

The breakdown strength of varnished silk tape is 40kv/mm.

Presspahn or Press Board

Presspahn is made from vegetable fibres by subjecting them to great pressure to remove excess water. presspahn has good flexibility, high tensile strength and high dielectric strength. The thickness of the sheets is 0.1,0.2,0.25,0.4,0.5,0.75,1 and 1.5mm. The breakdown strength voltage is 12kv/mm.

The application of the press board is the lining of armature slots and manufacturers of the transformer.

Varnished Paper

Varnish paper is used as layer insulation in magnet coils, ignition coils etc because of high-quality dried paper, saturated uniformly with insulating varnish. The thickness available is 0.05,0.08,0.20 and 0.13mm. The breakdown voltage of varnish paper is 24kv/mm. Varnish paper is available in yellow and black varieties.

Varnished Cloth Tubing

Tubular sleeves are formed from silk or cotton cloth treated with insulating varnish. these are used for the insulation of lead wires in motors, transformers, radios, meters, communications apparatus etc. The tubing comes in black and yellow varieties. Black tubing is better suited for tropical climates.

PVC Tubing

PVC tubing is manufactured from polyvinylchloride sheeting and is covered by I.S:1951-1961.The diameter ranges from 0.5mm to 30mm.

Ebonite

Ebonite is also called hard vulcanized rubber which is used for making insulating bushes, washers, pins terminals bases etc. The dielectric strength of Ebonite is 2000 volt/mil.it is available in the form of sheets and rods.

Laminates

Laminates based on paper and cloth are suitable for 120C and those based on asbestos fabric for 150C. Laminates of glass cloth impregnated with urea or melamine resin are suitable for 130 C and those impregnated with silicon resins are suitable as Class H Insulation. The laminates are available in the form of sheets, rods and tubes.

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Bakelite    

Bakelite sheets are made from sheets of paper or cloth treated with phenolic resin and bonded into a homogenous mass, heat and pressure. The sheets are available in thicknesses ranging from 0.4 mm to 100mm. The paper-based bakelite is superior in electrical properties to the cloth-based one.

Mica

Mica possesses the greatest dielectric strength and the best resistance to heat. it is mined in the form of small splitting which is bonded with a suitable varnish form to make large sheets. The insulating and thermal properties of built-up mica are dependent upon the nature and the extent of the bonding substance used.

Micanite Sheets

Micanite sheets tapes are made of mica splitting bonded with suitable bonding materials and supported on one or both sides by paper, cloth or glass. Micanite sheets are used in armature coils and slots. The Micanite sheets are available in thicknesses of 0.1mm to 0.6mm.

Glass Cloth /Tape

glass cloth tape possesses excellent heat resistance and high dielectric strength .glass cloth is suitable for class H insulation.

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