Current Transformer Vs Potential Transformer -Electronicsinfos

Comparison Between Current Transformer And Potential Transformer

What Is Current Transformer(C.T)?

A Current Transformer (CT) is a type of transformer that is used to measure and step down high alternating current (AC) currents to lower, measurable levels. 

Current Transformers (CTs)

👉CTs are connected in series with the circuit being measured

👉CTs typically have a toroidal core with primary and secondary windings

👉CTs are used to measure and monitor electric current in power systems.

👉CTs are used to measure and transform high currents into proportional lower currents,

👉They consist of a primary winding, which is connected in series with the current-carrying conductor, and a secondary winding.

👉The primary winding is designed to handle the high current levels in the power system, while the secondary winding provides a scaled-down current proportional to the primary current.

👉The secondary winding of the CT is connected to measuring instruments, protective relays, meters, or other devices that require a lower current level for measurement or control.

👉CTs have high accuracy and can accurately represent the primary current with a well-defined turns ratio between the primary and secondary windings.

👉They provide electrical isolation between the high-current power system and the secondary circuit, ensuring safety for the connected devices and personnel.

👉CTs are commonly used for metering, protective relaying, fault detection, current monitoring, and load analysis.

👉CTs have a secondary current rating, typically in milliamperes (mA)

👉CTs have a transformation ratio that specifies the ratio of primary current to secondary current

👉CTs have a burden in the form of resistance or impedance that affects the accuracy of current measurement

👉CTs have different accuracy classes based on their intended precision and error tolerance.

👉CTs are typically larger and bulkier.

👉CTs are more susceptible to core saturation due to the presence of high currents.

👉CTs have a voltage rating on the primary side, which should not be exceeded to prevent insulation breakdown.

👉CTs are designed to withstand high short-circuit currents.

👉CTs are commonly used in power systems for protection, metering, and monitoring purposes

👉CTs are generally safer to handle compared to PTs due to the lower voltages involved in their secondary circuits.

👉CTs have a negligible phase angle error.

👉CTs are typically connected to the main current-carrying conductor.

👉CTs are usually designed for higher insulation levels due to the presence of high currents.

👉CTs are designed for specific frequency ranges, often optimized for power system frequencies (50 or 60 Hz).

 👉CTs are used in current-based applications, such as protection relays, power metering, and fault detection

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What Is Potential Transformer(P.T)?

A Potential Transformer (PT), also known as a Voltage Transformer (VT), is a type of instrument transformer that is used to step down high voltage levels to lower, measurable voltage levels. It is designed to provide a scaled-down replica of the primary voltage, allowing for safe and accurate measurement and monitoring of high voltages.

Potential Transformers (PTs)

👉PTs are connected in parallel to the circuit being measured.

👉PTs usually have a laminated core with primary and secondary windings.

👉PTs are used to measure and transform high voltages into proportional lower voltages.

👉PTs, also known as voltage transformers, are used to measure and monitor voltage levels in power systems.

👉They consist of a primary winding, which is connected in parallel with the power system voltage, and a secondary winding.

👉The primary winding of the PT is designed to handle the high voltage levels in the power system, while the secondary winding provides a scaled-down voltage proportional to the primary voltage.

👉The secondary winding of the PT is connected to measuring instruments, protective relays, meters, or other devices that require a lower voltage level for measurement or control.

👉PTs have high accuracy and can accurately represent the primary voltage with a well-defined turns ratio between the primary and secondary windings.

👉They provide electrical isolation between the high-voltage power system and the secondary circuit, ensuring safety for the connected devices and personnel.

👉PTs are commonly used for metering, protective relaying, voltage monitoring, control and regulation, and synchronization of power systems.

👉PTs have a secondary voltage rating, usually in volts (V).

👉PTs have a burden that affects the accuracy of voltage measurement.

👉PTs have a transformation ratio that specifies the ratio of primary voltage to secondary voltage.\

👉PTs have different accuracy classes based on their intended precision and error tolerance.

👉PTs are typically smaller.

👉PTs are less affected by core saturation.

👉PTs have a voltage rating on the secondary side.

👉PTs may not be able to handle such high currents.

👉PTs are used for metering, relay operation, and control circuits.

👉PTs are generally not safer to handle compared to CTs.

👉PTs often have built-in voltage transient protection mechanisms, such as surge arresters, to protect against voltage spikes and surges.

👉PTs can introduce phase angle errors due to the impedance of their windings.

👉PTs are connected in parallel across the voltage source.

👉PTs have lower insulation requirements.

👉PTs are relatively more frequency-independent.

👉PTs are used in voltage-based applications, such as voltage metering, protective relaying, and control circuits.